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Type 97 Chi-Ni
The Experimental Medium Tank Chi-Ni (試製中戦車 チニ ''Shisei-chū-sensha chini'') was an experimental prototype Japanese medium tank. Initially proposed as a low-cost alternative to the Type 97 Chi-Ha medium tank, it was eventually passed over by its competitor.
==History and development==
In 1935 news had reached Japan of the United Kingdom's development of an advanced new tank, the A6 medium tank. A multi-turreted design that mounted a 47 mm tank gun and was capable of reaching speeds of 50 km/h. In comparison, Japan's tank force had not undergone any significant changes in tactics or organization in six years. The country's most widely fielded medium tank, the Type 89 I-Go, while popular with troops and tank crews had begun to show its age, attempts to update the design with the Type 89B I-Go Otsu were made in 1934, but no fundamentally new design had been undertaken since. Until this point it was felt that there was no need for a new medium tank design. In comparison of the two tanks, the A6 was seen as having superior offensive and defence capabilities than its closest Japanese equivalent, which had begun looking obsolete to its British counterpart. The appearance of Britain's new tank design, along with reports from Manchuria of the Type 89 I-Go's inability to keep up with other motorized vehicles with its paltry 25 km/h top speed brought about plans for a replacement.〔Zaloga, Japanese Tanks 1939–45, pages 11〕
Tank designers recommended research on a new tank design, a medium tank capable of going 35 km/h and weighing 15 tons with offensive and defensive abilities greater than the Type 89 I-Go. The Chief-of-Staff Operations was not enthusiastic for the project initially. It was peace-time and the military had a limited budget to spend and thus issued peace time requirements for a new tank design. Rather than focusing on performance improvements, the Chief-of-Staff Operations made only a lighter weight the sole requirement in order to lower production costs. The finalised requirements were for a lightweight tank that was also capable of going 35 km/h. These requirement also led to the development of the Type 95 Ha-Go light tank. The Engineering Department believed that it was highly regrettable that their efforts would be devoted solely to weight reduction, so instead, two concurrent projects were built. The first plan was contracted to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for a higher performance medium tank design which would become the Chi-Ha. The second plan was for a low-weight, low-cost medium tank that was to be made by the Osaka Army Arsenal, which would become the Chi-Ni.〔Hara, AFV Weapons Profiles No.49, pages 15-17〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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